Eczema

What It Is

A chronic inflammatory skin condition characterised by intensely itchy, dry, inflamed patches of skin that flare and remit. Atopic dermatitis (the most common form) is driven by a combination of genetic barrier dysfunction (filaggrin mutations leading to barrier permeability), immune dysregulation (Th2-skewed response), and environmental triggers. Affects approximately 15–20% of children and 1–3% of adults globally. Associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis and food allergies (the "atopic triad"). Barrier disruption allows allergens and irritants to penetrate, driving the itch-scratch cycle.

Key Context

Cornerstone management: intensive moisturisation (ceramide-rich, fragrance-free), trigger avoidance, and targeted anti-inflammatory treatments (topical steroids short-term, calcineurin inhibitors, dupilumab for moderate-severe AD). Colloidal oatmeal and panthenol are among the best OTC soothing actives.

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• Damaged Skin Barrier Recovery
• Sensitive Skin Routine