Acne / Pimples / Spots / Breakouts
A chronic inflammatory skin condition involving the hair follicle and sebaceous gland (pilosebaceous unit). Acne develops through four key mechanisms: excess sebum production (driven by androgens), follicular hyperkeratinisation (abnormal cell buildup inside the pore), colonisation by Cutibacterium acnes bacteria, and the resulting inflammatory response. Manifests as comedones (open/closed), papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. Grades range from mild (comedonal) to severe (nodulocystic). One of the most common skin conditions globally, affecting ~85% of people aged 12–24.
Treatment is tailored to grade and type. Mild: BHA (salicylic acid), niacinamide, benzoyl peroxide. Moderate: retinoids (adapalene, tretinoin), azelaic acid, topical antibiotics (short-term). Severe: oral isotretinoin (Accutane), oral antibiotics. Diet (low glycaemic, omega-3s, probiotics) increasingly supported by evidence.
Build a routine using Skin Stacker's free AI-powered tool — decode any product, check ingredient compatibility, and get a personalised AM/PM schedule.
Open Skin Stacker →