Vitamin A Ester / Most Gentle Retinoid
The most stable and least irritating form of topical Vitamin A — requires two conversion steps to become active. Significantly less potent than retinol but dramatically gentler. Found in anti-aging moisturisers for sensitive skin. Good introduction to the retinoid category for those who react to retinol.
Topical in moisturisers or serums, PM or AM (more UV-stable than retinol). Excellent for very sensitive skin as a first retinoid.
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