Vitamin B3 / Nicotinamide
The most versatile and universally tolerated skincare active. Inhibits melanin transfer (fading dark spots), reduces sebum by up to 68%, strengthens the skin barrier via ceramide synthesis, calms inflammatory pathways to reduce redness, and visibly minimises pores over 4–8 weeks. Works at any pH and pairs with virtually every other active.
At these concentrations this ingredient should appear above the 1% line on the INCI list. If you see it listed after preservatives or fragrance allergens, the dose is likely too low to work as marketed.
2–10% in serums, moisturisers or toners, AM and/or PM. Extremely well-tolerated.
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